Iron toxicity in plants: A Review

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, but excessive iron uptake can cause toxicity, leading to damage cell membranes, reduced growth, yield, overall health. This review paper discusses the issue of toxicity in plants, a common problem that affects crops such as rice, soybean, wheat, vegetables Southeast Asia, Brazil, Africa, Australia, United States. more likely occur soils with high pH, organic matter, or elevated levels available iron. It various mechanisms competition other elements, oxidative stress, changes gene expression phytohormones. The excess ions root cells plasma membrane, stress increased production reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS cellular components, lipids, proteins, DNA, death cells. Plants have specific take up iron, including transport proteins are responsible moving Fe2+ across membrane Furthermore, it impact on stunted decreased water nutrient uptake, photosynthetic activity. Highlights importance proper management prevent promote healthy growth.